Living cell paradox

Sell replicating factory, had a paradox. The factory will be giving attributes to the product it is making. This is the meaning of making. The number of attributes of the product needs to be less than that of the factory. Therefore theoretically you cannot make a self replicating factory.
But each living cell does it. Therefore architecture of a cell should have something more than atoms that make the cell. This something is replicated from parent to child.
But catalyst of salt crystal helps in depositing more salt molecules.
Also dividing the DNA looks very similar.

A factory needs tools, instructions for the tools and raw materials. Suppose raw material is available at suitable locations. Instructions is just memory though limited, this also can be provided. In a self replicating factory, the tool need to make a copy of itself. Consider a pliers made out of some epoxy that harden with time. Can it make amount pliers from epoxy. But pliers alone will not be able to do it, someone out something had to do it. It is impossible to imagine how it can be done. We will go round and round in circles, but will not be able to find an answer.

A solution struck me.
1. The living cell was somehow created.
2. It has a unique configuration of atoms.
3. It has the capability of copying itself and creating more of itself.
4. All started from a single living cell therefore every cell have that configuration.
5. Some part or parts allow different attributes to be present. But a certain section is uniform to all living cells.
6. It cannot be thought that universe has many different types of living cells. It may be only one, or a few.
7. Humans will never be able to create such a self replicating factory.
8. Humans are a product of cell architecture.
9. Can they make another completely different type of factory that can replicate itself?
10. If it is so by now there should very different type of self replicating factories. But there exists only the living cell!

Point in Mathematics

There is a marked difference between a physical point and a abstract point. Physically there are no points, only approximation exist. Wittgenstein in Tractatus, said certain things can only be shown and cannot be said by language. In language when you refer a physical point, a whole lot is said about the logical point. Unlike the abstract point it may have a size,a color, it will show what lies outside the point, in the logical space true and false propositions that can be assumed etc. But abstract point is just a point nothing more and nothing less. It is just a concept. It do not being to the physical world.
The same goes to all geometrical shapes consisting of multiple points.
This can be said to all abstract geometrical shapes. These can be comprehended by pour brains only by approximation. Therefore it should apply to the languages that brain uses to think about these shapes.
Maths is the tool brain uses to comprehend approximations of these abstract shapes. Engineering uses applied maths to do all sorts of things with these shapes.

Solution to Private Medical Collages in Sri Lanka

Solution To SAITM Problem

I do have a silver bullet to solve this problem. The government doctors want to limit professionals to improve their earning capacity, but do it in the guise of love for the poor public.

The government or the private sector do not have a proper response to it.

The problem started by allowing public sector doctors to do private practice, because government was unable to increase their salaries – because swelled government service other professionals also demand higher salaries.

Now doctors are a wealthy lot welding lot of power professionally and financially. It is difficult for the government to handle them.

The solution is to stop government doctors doing private practice. Also listen to their argument of protecting poor patients, and allow only doctors from government universities to enter into public service.

Current doctors who does private practice while in government service will need to take a decision either government service or private practice.

The doctors who come out of private universities and foreign universities can enter to private hospitals. The government doctors also can enter into private hospitals just after passing their degrees but before their internships. In future all doctors who get internships and higher education, FRCS, MD etc. through government funds and scholarships should be bound to do government service for a number of years depending on the funds utilized for them.

If there is a shortage of doctors in private hospitals foreign doctors can be employed.

Another suggestion is for the government to also have a private channeling service – I think this was the practice before. This will compete with private sector. But doctors will not get an income depending on the number of patients. But, specialists can be given enhanced allowances. For patients who are unable to afford private channeling should be channeled through a government hospital doctor to channeling specialists – this is the practice of public health in other countries.

By making these changes we can look after our doctors who toiled a lot, competing in public examinations, entering into public universities with lot of hardships in achieving their degrees.

Problem off 100 marbles in a box

How can you say their are 100 marbles in the box? It involves someone counting and then saying that their are 100 marbles. How reliable that person is? Is he capable of counting? Did he make a mistake? Is he truthful? Did we hear clearly when he pronounce the result? Well the questions can be endless. Suppose we are going to employ a machine to do it. Is the machine reliable? Due to wear and tear it may not give the correct result. The same countless questions can be asked.
So how can we know the number of marbles in the box?
The truth is we can never know definitely. We can only get a probable result.

When the concept of color is formed in the human brain, say dark red and light red, these concepts are formed in the brain, and will be different from individual to individual.
Contrast this with the number 106, the human brain do not form a concept.(here again it should be said this is the normal case, but a brain excellent in maths will have more concepts than a normal person. Sometimes looking at 100 marbles arranged in 10 x10 rows will instantly recognize it. Sometimes there may be smart people who can identify 106  unarranged marbles instantly.)

The conclusion we can come to is maths is there to do a fine tuning our understanding.

Because of mathematics capacity of brain had increased immensely. We can go into details of our environment that is impossible for the brain to comprehend.

When you see 7 marbles human brain can distinguish it is different from 8 marbles. Even when randomly arranged it will be able to visually separate to 5 and 2 or 5 and 3. But it won't be able to distinguish 96 and 97 randomly arranged marbles. Though there is no sharp boundary, when the numbers get large it gets increasingly difficult to comprehend. Mathematics is the tool we use to understand large numbers.

Wittgenstein criticise the proposition 'there are two apples on the table' but it is possible to picture it by the brain. But it can't picture 'there is one million in my bank account'.

Human brain cannot keep time - this is obvious. It needs a tool and mathematics.

Then regarding mass it is the same, but have some ability in evaluating weight. Lifting heavy and light objects human brain can compare.

Distance, brain can get some idea, but to measure accurately you need a tool and mathematics.

The situation becomes more complicated when very small measurements are made, quantum theory need to fine tune mathematics.

Measurements disturbs the environment. Therefore what we get is not a measurement of the environment, but an approximation. When measuring a length the mark of the ruler has some width, without that width we are unable to see the mark therefore it is impossible to get the exact measurement. Heisenberg uncertainty principal gives the limit of accuracy in certain measurements.The reason for this limit is not because of shortcomings of the measuring apparatus but due to the structure of the world itself.It is impossible to separate world and the observer. Recent findings show that traveling photos and electrons behaves like a wave when no observer is present and behaves like particles when observed.

Polarisaton

In explaining polarization, quantum theory explanation is missing or goes to deep mathematics. All explanation are directed towards electromagnetic theory. This is an attempt to explain the polarization pronominal by using quantum theory.

1. Polarization is the strong component in the wave theory. If it can be explained by particles fully it will be a great win to only particle theory. The problems are in these areas:
   1. Polarization of light in perpendicular directions.
   2. Circular polarization.
   3. Light transmitted in two velocities depending on polarization
   4. The phase of light waves. Quarter wave plates converting linearly polarized to circular polarized.
   5. Spin of photons
   6. Angular momentum of photons
   7.  Polarization by Transmission
   8. Polarization by Reflection
   9. Polarization by Refraction
   10. Polarization by Scattering
   11. Birefringence is different refractive indices depending on polarization.  
   12. How light goes through glass and why it's velocity is reduced.
       

 

Polarized Light

Energy of a light beam is only angular momentum not liner momentum. Though light travels it does not associate it's energy linearly. This is why one section unpolarized light is blocked by a polarizer. The angular momentum is fully absorbed in one direction by the polarized filter. The polarized filter has long chained molecules aligned in one direction. These molecules has the ability to rotate in one direction only, so the angular momentum is passed on to the molecules in that direction and absorbed in the perpendicular direction. Therefore transmitted light will be rotating only in one direction. Then polarization is in that direction.

Can all attributes of an electromagnetic wave be associated with attributes of a photon. We know that photon do not have mass. It has energy and momentum. Leaving all the mathematical jargon out the photon can be thought as a particle of a finite size. If it has a size it occupies space. It may further have attributes associated with a particle. Spin or rotation is one, then it may have the property of stretch. Or vibration similar to the vibrations that a golf ball incurs when it is hit. It may not be symmetrical one side may be larger than the other giving complex rotations. Some of the already accepted mathematical attributes are originally associated with physical attributes - spin is one.

Currently accepted attributes associated with electromagnetic radiation are: Polarization, circular, elliptical, directional at two perpendicular planes. Then light spin angular momentum SAM - associated with polarization and light orbital angular momentum OAM.

We may be able to do away with electromagnetic radiation which states that light behaves like a wave. Then interpret that light is a particle and it appears like a wave because of Heisenberg Principle

1. Why light pass through glass? It is said that the transmitted photons do not have enough energy to move the electrons in glass to a higher energy level, therefore they are not absorbed. But ultraviolet light having more energy are absorbed by glass. There will be no problem with this if we try to do away with waves and stick our interpretations to particles.
2. Birefringence, double refraction of light. This split a light beam into two polarized beams that travel in slightly different paths.
3. Polarization is the strong component in the wave theory. If it can be explained by particles fully it will be a great win to only particle theory. The problems are in these areas:

1. Polarization of light in perpendicular directions.
2. Circular polarization
3. Light transmitted in two velocities depending on polarization
4. The phase of light waves. Quarter wave plates converting linearly polarized to circular polarized.
5. Spin of photons
6. Angular momentum of photons
7. •  Polarization by Transmission
   • Polarization by Reflection
   • Polarization by Refraction
   • Polarization by Scattering
   • Birefringence is different refractive indices depending on polarization.
   •  How light goes through glass and why it's velocity is reduced.
8.  What is the reason light is slower in other mediums like glass and water. If the explanation is that, light is absorbed by atoms and remitted, this goes against the argument that light is transmitted through glass because photons do not have enough energy to be absorbed. Further, there cannot be entanglement inside these mediums. If there is entanglement it breaks when absorbed and remitted. On the other hand if the travel path is longer in other mediums, say it is not a straight line but waved, slower velocities can be explained.
9. Light may be traveling in vacuum in a certain way. When glass is encountered some type of transformation is undergone by the photons. When light leaves glass reverse happens.
10. Why and how photons go through glass and why it's velocity different from vacuum. These questions need deep understanding how photons travel at all and then through vacuum. Sometimes it may be necessary to understand what is movement of any matter. Velocity of light being constant relative to any moving body really complicates matters. These questions should be answered fully to understand properly this phenomena.
11. However, it need to be accepted that some type of interaction happens between photons and molecules, this is confirmed by light traveling through materiel and existence of birefringence.
12. Photons and phonons are the same. Light travels through materiel as sound waves. Since the energy of photons is not sufficient to be absorbed by electrons of glass atoms, they are transmitted through glass as a sound wave at a lesser velocity than light.
13. The light is different than sound. Sound uses different type of vibrations of atoms and light also use vibrations of the medium but for them movement of atoms will be different. Or else light and sound should travel at the same velocity. More research need to be done in this area to find out how these vibrations happens. Some sort of energy is transferred by light to the glass atoms and glass atoms carry on this energy and re-emit it at the end.

Heisenberg Path Theory

Heisenberg proposed the Principle of Uncertainty. According to it there is an inherent accuracy in measuring two related parameters in connection of a particle. One of these two parameters are position and velocity. Therefore each particle with a velocity will come under this principle.

Heisenberg path is the volume that principle applies.

A volume can be created by combining all these planes

This is just a path with no mass or energy. This path, though it lacks mass and energy it has characteristics. The traveling particle associated with this path can appear in any location of the volume probabilistically. It also does have characteristics of a wave.

These characteristics change whenever an actual physical barrier is inserted to this path.

These are very similar to the action of waves. Therefore mathematically these paths can be derived by applying the characteristics of waves.

But it should be cautioned that this is not a wave. It is wrong to interpret it as have dual characteristics particles and waves - wave particle duality. Danger of doing this we tend to think that the particle is broken to parts and these parts are represented as a wave. If this wave consists with parts of the particle then it will have energy. When we think this is only a path it do not need to have energy. By thinking this way we can avoid all problems associated with this pronominal like quantum weirdness, wave  particle duality, superposition, entanglement, time traveling backwards, many worlds theory, wave function collapses when measured, observer collapses wave function, quantum eraser etc.