Dark Matter and Pulsars

Pulsars are believed to be neutron stars with high magnetic fields the focus electromagnetic waves in a narrow cone. When these systems rotate we detect electromagnetic pulses from radio telescopes.

There is an alternative explanation:

 Consider a neutron star dualet moving away from earth at velocity greater than light. Also the earth is in it's  plane of rotation of the stars. The stars of the dualet also moves in velocities greater than light. The system will be in negative space accept when the combined velocity towards earth is less than velocity of light. This happens only when the stars are at top for a brief window of time. At this time a pulse is emitted. This arrangement is possible if we assume the size of neutron star of diameter 20km moving at 2c, diameter of the orbit 6.5 km will produce 0.3 mil sec pulsar.

Several questions has to be answered if the above is to be true. What is happening to the energy emitted when the dualet is in the negative space? Suppose object other than earth but in the same line moves towards to the dualet in such a way that ducat's moving out velocity is less than c. Therefore is in positive space and should be visible to that object and not to earth? This is a baffling proposition. The photons that might reach earth are kept without traveling and the photons that can reach the object will be emitted. Therefore the earth and the object are directly inserting an influence on the dualet in emitting the electromagnetic radiation.

Another thing that can be assumed is what is emitted is not pure electromagnetic waves. It is something other than electromagnetic waves say dark energy. But by the actions of the observer converted to electromagnetic waves. Action of the observer is it's movement relative to these dark energy.

A light source will not emit dark energy. If we start moving grater than c relative to the source the energy will become dark energy and the source will become dark matter. Velocity of dark energy v is some v > c. So dark energy will have velocities that makes it travel across. Whenever some object moves in such a way that its velocity relative to dark energy is c it will become visible. Then this object will be traveling at velocity       v < c relative to the source of dark energy.

Dark energy do not have a velocity component. It will originate from any source emitting energy. Visibility of energy will depend on the velocity of the observer relative to the source. If the velocity is greater then c the energy is will be dark energy and the source a dark object. If velocity is less then c energy will be electromagnetic radiation with velocity c.

Set of rules behavior

• Suppose a photon is emitted by an object that is not in dark, but by the time it reaches the observer the object accelerates and become dark matter, how will the observer see the photon? He will not see the photon. Because at the time of observance, the originator is in the dark. If we assume otherwise we need to think of some ether where the photon travels. This is contradicted by the constant speed of light in all reference frames.
• The energy is conserved and only a shift from dark to light happens.
• Observability of a EM radiation will depend on the relative velocity between the emitter and observer exactly at the time of observance. If it is greater then c the radiation wisps past the observer and will never be able to observe it. Another observer more distant in the same line of sight if his relative velocity is less than c will observer it. The radiation will go through the first observer as if it is nonexistent. The radiation for the first observer will be dark energy. The second observer will see the fist observer if relative velocity is less than c. But will also see radiation coming through the first observer as if it is nonexistent.
• There will be a violation of locality principal. Spooky action at distance will become true and very common.
•  If the velocity between the observer and the emitter is less than c, everything will behave according to current classical laws, not special relativistic laws.
• Here no ether is assumed and EM radiation velocity is also assumed to be the constant c irrespective of observer movements. But the assumption of the velocity limit of c as predicted in Special Relativity is dropped.
• A message can be sent by the emitter to the observer, when the emitter moves in an out of dark space. However the message will be traveling at the velocity of light. Above example of pulsars is such an event. In the visible window the observer will see EM radiation. Hoover, at all times dark energy will be imitated. In the window of visibility it is converted to EM radiation.
• Space can consist by large amount of dark energy that zip past us with out any knowledge. Dark matter will be the objects that moves out from us at velocities greater than c.

Special Relativity Flawed

It can be proved that Special Relativity Flawed.
Take the basic example of a photon emitted in a frame:
Frame example

Moving Observer
a frame AB moves at a velocity v, emits a photon -- photon is more accurate than a light signal. After time t the photon arrives at D since the frame has now moved to CD. All this activity is relative to an observer standing on the frame AB/CD, that moves at velocity v with the frame.

With respect to the observer on the frame
We can safely state r = c * t where c is the velocity of light (r - size of the frame). Since light travels at velocity c for any observer -- Michelson Morly Experiment.

With respect of the stationary observer standing outside the frame
Here again velocity of light is the constant c. Light photon will be moving from point at Aο and reach point Bο after time tο. Though at the same time, point B will start moving to D, this needs to be disregarded, since point B or D has no bearing or relevance to the stationary observer. This important phenomena, is missed by Special Relativity activists, they assume that, light coming from point Aο, is going to point D, moving at velocity c with respect of the stationary observer.

The mistake
This is wrong. Light travels at constant velocity c to the stationary observer, but not in respect to moving point B--as said earlier, point B is irrelevant to stationary observer. The Special Relativists argue that according to the stationary observer light will travel from A with velocity c, while point B of the frame  will move to point D, independent of the in coming light photon. Therefore the light photon will have to travel additionally a distance s to reach D. This is an unnecessary assumption. While traveling observer can consider light travel from A to D the stationary observer sees the same photon -- or with quantum theory different photon emitted almost at same time-- traveling from point A to B.

This mistaken argument results, either velocity of light should be c+v or frame AB need to contract or time need to dilate. But since velocity of light is constant the frame should contract and time need to dilate. Therefore moving frames contract. And time tο for stationary observer will be different from time t of the moving observer.

(It may look strange but putting the arguments to language is really difficult)

Mirror Example
A frame consisting with two parallel mirrors that has a light source directed up--this is a light clock, will be moving forward at velocity v

Scenario 1  c & d - invariant and t -variant (The normal accepted principal of Special Relativity)

2d = c tο ---------------(1)

         __________

d = √c²t²/4 – v²t²/4

            ______

= tc/2 √1-v²/c² ---------- (2)

                     _____

c tο/2 = tc/2√1-v²/c²

          ______

tο = t √1-v²/c²      ------ (accepted time dilation formula in Special Relativity)

 Scenario 2  t & d - invariant and c -variant (velocities greater than c exist Principal )

2d = cο t ---------------(1)

         __________

d = √c²t²/4 – v²t²/4

            ______

= tc/2 √1-v²/c² ---------- (2)

                     _____

cο t/2 = tc/2√1-v²/c²

            ____

  cο =  √c²-v²
  cο² =  c²-v²
        _______
c = √ cο²  + v²       -----------(velocities greater than c exist Principal )

 Scenario 3  t & c - invariant and d -variant (Space Contraction Principal)

2dο = c t ---------------(1)

         __________

d = √c²t²/4 – v²t²/4

            ______

= tc/2 √1-v²/c² ---------- (2)

                        _____

d = (2dο/c)c/2√1-v²/c²

             ______

 d = dο √1-v²/c²    ------ (Space Contraction Principal)
 

Scenario 1 accepts Special Relativity time dilation formula. It assumes that velocity of light is the same to all observers and goes beyond by assuming the stationary observer will not calculate c - v as the photon approach velocity towards mirror(photon moving in at c  mirror moving out at v)  but just as c. The stationary observer thinking  that, the photon moves towards the mirror at c. This is how the formula             

         __________

d = √c²t²/4 – v²t²/4   is derived. 

There is a problem with Scenario 1 because it leads to multiple paradoxes like twin paradox, grandfather paradox, ladder paradox, train on a bridge or tunnel paradox etc. Though some of these are said to be avoided by stating the shift from initial to non-initial frames looks like callous disregard to these paradoxes.
You get paradoxes because something is wrong or you cannot explain something. Then you need to give careful considerations to the assumption you have made and try to find the lapses. Another major defect of this theory is melding with time. The concept of time is one of the least understood. However, special relativity has made drastic changes to the concept of time. For instance we use phrases like "trillionth of a second after big bang" commonly. These phrases brings out pure absurdity because where was such a clock to measure time at that epoch. This shows how flimsy our understanding of time is.

Scenario 2  accepts that though light will have constant velocity with respect to any observer, velocities higher than light exist. Take for example the Frame Example above, a stationary observer will see that photon emitted at point A moves towards point D at c. But the stationary observer will also see that point D is moving at v. Therefore the stationary observer should say that photon moves towards D at c-v. And if the frame moves the other way c+v. Therefore velocities greater than c exist.

However, the two speed theory may run to problems if we consider a hole in the mirror allows light to fall on a screen of the stationary observer and how it is possible to have the same light photon or very near two photons to have two velocities of light. The observer moving with mirrors will see velocity c while the stationary observer will see velocity √ c²  + v²

Still, higher than c velocities may explain, quasars with z > 4 traveling at velocity greater than 4c.

Scenario 3  may give us very interesting explanations for hitherto unexplained phenomena.Here the distance between the mirrors will contract. This contraction will compensate the longer distance that the light beam need to travel when the mirror moves. The practical implication will be when the photon moves the space around it will contract.

We may be able to construct a new transformation (space contraction transformation) by the following formulas:                                                ______                                           _____
               x = xο                             y = yο √1-v²/c²                               z  = zο √1-v²/c²

These formulas will give out further interesting explanations to other phenomena. For instance say v > c then the space will become negative space. Whatever inside this space will be invisible like black holes. But this whatever inside can interact in other ways other than electromagnetic waves. For instance gravitation

When we observe a galaxy in the sky we know it's velocity by the red shift. Then we should know that the size will appear smaller depending on the red shift. Dark Mater and Dark Energy may be the result that these entities are inside a negative space created by it moving faster than light towards us.

These concepts will create a host of new hypothesis that can be tested by scientists in future to give us better explanation of what is around us.

see also twin paradox  and Observer in Einstein's Train thought experiment