Theory of Time

For some time I did not contribute to the blog I am having a site lalsilva.com I am trying to add more and more ideas to this site and in the end I may write a book on my ideas.

08.04.2016

Theory of Time - There is only one dimension in the universe, it is time. Time is the only dimension that is independent of an observer. One of the main characteristics of time is that no two event happens at the same instant – simultaneity is nonexistent. This way infinite number of events can happen between any two events. Suppose there exists two supernova explosions happening at the same time. In a supernova explosion extremely large number of events takes place within a very tiny time space. In the time scale one event of first super nova can happen and the next event in the time scale may be an event of the other supernova. These two supernovas may be millions of light years apart.

Another important aspect of this theory is that time is not a continuous flow of events but it is also not a fixed number of events. Infinite number of events can happen between any two events.

Consider a simple experiment where a light photon is emitted from one jump of an electron in one atom and subsequent absorption of this photon by another electron in an other atom. We usually think there need to be space for the two atoms to exist, there is a distance between the two atoms and light needs to travel in a straight line from one atom to the other. When we think more deeply we find all these requirements are requirements of the observer. And nothing to do with one electron of an atom emitting a photon and another electron of another atom absorbing it. In our thinking we have jumbled up both sets of events together. Now we need to separate it to two sets, one for the benefit of the observer and the other basic happenings of the event or events.

The human brain is very closely bound with the observer. It is almost impossible to the two. This is why philosophers ask the question is everything that happens is all inside your brain. But obviously the moon being in the sky cannot be something that is in our brain.

This theory does not even contradict quantum entanglement. The observer measures a certain attribute of a particle at a certain instant, a different observer measuring the opposite attribute will arrive exactly the opposite of the original measurement. It should be noted here that there is no need for the two measurements to happen at the same instant. The second measurement can be any time after the first.

Without rigid bodies Relativity cannot exist

How can special relativity exist if there are no rigid bodies throughout the universe? We need breadth to have the Michelson Morley experiment. We can't do it if there is no breadth and no rigid bodies. The present concept of our Universe is that it consists of only point particles. Though assemblies of point particles make rigid bodies, those are not perfect rigid bodies. Because particles vibrate in rigid bodies depending on the temperature. 

The same can be said about straight lines. For ages, we assumed that light travel in straight lines. Wave theory of light, uncertainty principals and quantum physics has proven it is not so. According to General Relativity, light does not travel in strait lines. Even straight lines do not exist in reality. Nevertheless, Special Relativity is built on straight lines and rigid frames.

Time dilation in Special Relativity

If we can explain effects of consistency of velocity of light with fewer tinkering of parameters we should stick with that theory. Because of Occam's Razor. Tinkering with length or space is bad enough but extending it to time is infraction. Because time we understand a very little of it. Still we make comments like “trillionth of a trillionth of a second after big bang”.

Dark Matter and Pulsars

Pulsars are believed to be neutron stars with high magnetic fields the focus electromagnetic waves in a narrow cone. When these systems rotate we detect electromagnetic pulses from radio telescopes.

There is an alternative explanation:

 Consider a neutron star dualet moving away from earth at velocity greater than light. Also the earth is in it's  plane of rotation of the stars. The stars of the dualet also moves in velocities greater than light. The system will be in negative space accept when the combined velocity towards earth is less than velocity of light. This happens only when the stars are at top for a brief window of time. At this time a pulse is emitted. This arrangement is possible if we assume the size of neutron star of diameter 20km moving at 2c, diameter of the orbit 6.5 km will produce 0.3 mil sec pulsar.

Several questions has to be answered if the above is to be true. What is happening to the energy emitted when the dualet is in the negative space? Suppose object other than earth but in the same line moves towards to the dualet in such a way that ducat's moving out velocity is less than c. Therefore is in positive space and should be visible to that object and not to earth? This is a baffling proposition. The photons that might reach earth are kept without traveling and the photons that can reach the object will be emitted. Therefore the earth and the object are directly inserting an influence on the dualet in emitting the electromagnetic radiation.

Another thing that can be assumed is what is emitted is not pure electromagnetic waves. It is something other than electromagnetic waves say dark energy. But by the actions of the observer converted to electromagnetic waves. Action of the observer is it's movement relative to these dark energy.

A light source will not emit dark energy. If we start moving grater than c relative to the source the energy will become dark energy and the source will become dark matter. Velocity of dark energy v is some v > c. So dark energy will have velocities that makes it travel across. Whenever some object moves in such a way that its velocity relative to dark energy is c it will become visible. Then this object will be traveling at velocity       v < c relative to the source of dark energy.

Dark energy do not have a velocity component. It will originate from any source emitting energy. Visibility of energy will depend on the velocity of the observer relative to the source. If the velocity is greater then c the energy is will be dark energy and the source a dark object. If velocity is less then c energy will be electromagnetic radiation with velocity c.

Set of rules behavior

• Suppose a photon is emitted by an object that is not in dark, but by the time it reaches the observer the object accelerates and become dark matter, how will the observer see the photon? He will not see the photon. Because at the time of observance, the originator is in the dark. If we assume otherwise we need to think of some ether where the photon travels. This is contradicted by the constant speed of light in all reference frames.
• The energy is conserved and only a shift from dark to light happens.
• Observability of a EM radiation will depend on the relative velocity between the emitter and observer exactly at the time of observance. If it is greater then c the radiation wisps past the observer and will never be able to observe it. Another observer more distant in the same line of sight if his relative velocity is less than c will observer it. The radiation will go through the first observer as if it is nonexistent. The radiation for the first observer will be dark energy. The second observer will see the fist observer if relative velocity is less than c. But will also see radiation coming through the first observer as if it is nonexistent.
• There will be a violation of locality principal. Spooky action at distance will become true and very common.
•  If the velocity between the observer and the emitter is less than c, everything will behave according to current classical laws, not special relativistic laws.
• Here no ether is assumed and EM radiation velocity is also assumed to be the constant c irrespective of observer movements. But the assumption of the velocity limit of c as predicted in Special Relativity is dropped.
• A message can be sent by the emitter to the observer, when the emitter moves in an out of dark space. However the message will be traveling at the velocity of light. Above example of pulsars is such an event. In the visible window the observer will see EM radiation. Hoover, at all times dark energy will be imitated. In the window of visibility it is converted to EM radiation.
• Space can consist by large amount of dark energy that zip past us with out any knowledge. Dark matter will be the objects that moves out from us at velocities greater than c.

Does Simaltanity is real

1. Two events cannot happen in the same location. The location is a point in space. Two events may happen at the same point but not at the same time. Two events may happen at a single point in different times. Therefore it is irrelevant to the issue of simultaneity.
2. Can simultaneity exist when two events happen at two different locations. There should be a method of measuring the time of occurrence for these two events in order to see whether two events are simultaneous.
3. A solution is the one proposed by Einstein in the thought experiment of lightning bolts string two points of a moving train. If you fine tune the experiment we have to consider two photons emitted at two different points received by an observer at the midpoint. If the two photons reach the observer at the same instant we can say the two events that produced the photons are simultaneous.
4. There are serious lapses in the earlier experiment.
5. First we state that a concept called "simultaneity" exist. This concept is not "two events happen at two times and these two times are very close". Because this is not a concept it is just a statement. We can make such statements on anything. And there is no seriousness in these statements.
6. If we say given two points there exists a single point called midpoint. This cannot be proved ever.
7. Photons travel at the velocity of light. And according to quantum theory exact time of arrival cannot be ascertained. 
8. Therefore simultaneity is a priori concept. It cannot be proved to exist by using empirical methods. Worse than that even a thought experiment cannot be performed to show it exist. There is life after death is a priori statement. But a scientific theory like special relativity being based on such a concept is almost absurd.

Achilles and Tortoise Paradox

Achilles and Tortoise Paradox. The paradox is Achilles and tortoise will have a race. The tortoise is given a head start say 100 meters. Suppose both started running at the same instant. It will take some time for Achilles to run the 100 meters. In this time the tortoise will have moved ahead say 10 meters. Then Achilles will need a further time to catch up the tortoise. When Achilles reaches the next point the tortoise has moved a further small distance. So, when Achilles reaches some point the tortoise has reached, he will have to go farther. Therefore, Achilles need to go to infinite number of points to overtake the tortoise, which, is impossible. So, he will never overtake the tortoise.

In reality commonsense says this cannot be, Achilles will easily overtake the tortoise. Therefore this is a paradox.

Is it? The problem is that we assume that space and time are continuous entities which can be divided indefinitely. It is not so. Time and space are discrete. The locomotion is not a smooth one where it can be divided in to infinitely. The movement is in jumps. At one stage Achilles will jump over the tortoise.

Lal Silva

I am writing about Special Relativity, so thought that I should give out some history about my association with the subject of Special Relativity.

When I was an undergraduate at the Colombo University Sri Lanka my pet subject was Special Relativity. There was one Maths lecturer named Valentine Joseph lecturing on this subject, I never missed his lectures, however, I missed almost all other lectures in one year, playing bridge, chess, table tennis or watching girls at the bus stop.

However love of Special Relativity was my undoing. I loved the subject so much I was the only student in the batch who tried to answer the questions about relativity in physics, then messed up a calculation and was able to pass the test barley. The result was instead a first class I go only a second upper. This changed my life I was not absorbed to any academic post in the university and I ended as a Tax Specialist in the Inland Revenue Department of Sri Lanka.

Anyway this did not stop me thinking about the universe and science. But to a lesser extent than economics and business studies.

At age 63 now I am interested in philosophy and read about the subject.